Endocrinology and Metabolism

Jee Young Oh (Oh JY)

11 Articles

Gly1057Asp Polymorphism of the Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Genes May Not Have a Significant Impact on Insulin Resistance in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Ji Young Oh, Jee Young Oh, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Jin Lee, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):100-108. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.100

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BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and several candidate genes involved in insulin action such as insulin receptor or insulin recpetor substrate (IRS) have been investigated. In this study, we examined the genetic effects of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes on the metabolic and reproductive features in women with PCOS. METHODS: 125 patients with PCOS and 344 regular cycling controls were enrolled. Analysis of the polymorphisms of Gly972Arg in the IRS-1 gene and Gly1057Asp in the IRS-2 gene was performed and oral glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests were done. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the Gly972Arg polymorphism in the IRS-1 gene and the Gly1057Asp polymorphism in the IRS-2 gene were not significantly different between the women with PCOS and the controls. Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene was extremely rare in both groups. PCOS women with the IRS-2 Asp1057Asp genotype showed significantly higher hirsutism scores, higher levels of free testosterone and higher post-load 60, 90, and 120 min plasma glucose levels compared to those women with the Gly1057Gly or Gly1057Asp genotype. In contrast, the control women with the Asp1057Asp genotype showed significantly lower post-load 60, 90, and 120 min plasma glucose levels compared with those women with the Gly1057Gly or Gly1057Asp genotype. CONCLUSION: Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene was extremely rare in Korean women. Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene was associated with the phenotypic features of PCOS such as hirsutism, hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia, but it was not associated with the insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene may not have a significant impact on insulin resistance in Korean women with PCOS.

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Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) Polymorphism Is Associated with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Kashmiri Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool, Mudasar Nabi, Sairish Ashraf, Shajrul Amin
Genes.2022; 13(8): 1463. CrossRef

Calpain-10 Polymorphism in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Hye jin Lee, Gun Woo Pyun, Eun Kyung Byun, Ji Young Oh, Jee Young Oh, Youngsun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):319-326. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.319

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, and PCOS is known to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). PCOS has also been proposed to share a common genetic background with type 2 DM. The calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene is known to be associated with type 2 DM in several different population. We examined the association of CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and their influence on the metabolic abnormalities in Korean women who suffer with PCOS. METHODS: One hundred sixty four women with PCOS and 325 control women were studied. The CAPN10 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by amplifying the genomic DNA. Anthropometric measures, a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique were performed. RESULTS: The frequencies of CAPN10 UCSNP-43, UCSNP-19, UCSNP-63 and the haplotype combinations were not different between the women with PCOS and the control subjects. In the women with PCOS and who had the UCSNP-43 GA genotype, the post-load 90 minute plasma glucose level was significantly greater and the HDL cholesterol and insulin mediated glucose uptake were significantly lower compared to the women with PCOS and who had the GG genotype. CONCLUSION: The CAPN10 UCSNP-43 genotype might be responsible for insulin resistance, yet further study is required to confirm the role of this genetic polymorphism in the development of PCOS and the presentation of its disease features.

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Comments on the latest meta-analysis of CAPN10 polymorphism associations with polycystic ovary syndrome
Sidra Raihan, Dawood Shariff, Sami Bizzari
Gene.2019; 717: 144006. CrossRef

Phenotypic Variation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Gun Woo Pyun, Young Ju Choi, Hyejin Lee, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(5):326-331. Published online October 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.5.326

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BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in premenopausal women, but there has been little agreement on its diagnostic criteria due to its uncertain pathogenesis and the heterogeneity of symptoms. This study was performed in order to assess the differences in clinical, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics of women in the PCOS subgroups defined by ESHRE criteria. METHODS: Subjects were divided into four PCOS subgroups based on ESHRE criteria. The grouping groupings included: 1) hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovary morphology (HA + OM + PCO); 2) hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea (HA + OM); 3) hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology (HA + PCO); and 4) oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary morphology (OM + PCO). Reproductive hormones and metabolic profiles were measured. RESULTS: Of the total number of subjects, 60 (40%) fulfilled the criteria for HA + OM + PCO, 50 (33%) for HA + OM, 11 (7%) for HA + PCO, and 30 (20%) for OM + PCO. There were no significant differences in clinical or metabolic features among the groups, except for LH, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: In this population defined by ESHRE criteria, 73% of the patients met the former NIH definition for PCOS. Different phenotypes of PCOS cases were clinically or biochemically similar. Whether these women have an increased risk of infertility or metabolic complications remains to be determine.

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Epidemiology and Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-Ah Sung
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 189. CrossRef
Hyperandrogenism in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yeon-Ah Sung
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 197. CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria
Yeon-Ah Sung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 203. CrossRef
Clinical Manifestation of Polycysticv Ovary Syndrome
Yu-Bae Ahn
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(5): 323. CrossRef

Adiponectin and Ghrelin Polymorphism in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Hyejin Lee, Eun Kyung Byun, Hwi Ra Park, Jee Young Oh, Youngsun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hyewon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(5):394-401. Published online October 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.21.5.394

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation, and this is a common disorder in premenopausal women. However, the pathogenesis is still uncertain. There has been no studies about PCOS-related genetic abnormalities in Korea. In this study, we examined the frequency of the adiponectin and ghrelin genotypes in Korean women with PCOS. METHODS: Fifty four women with PCOS and 174 regular cycling healthy women were recruited for the study, and their reproductive hormones and metabolic profiles were measured. The polymorphisms of the ghrelin and adiponectin genes were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of ghrelin gene polymorphism was not different between the women with PCOS and the controls. The frequency of the TG adiponectin genotype was higher and the frequency of the TT genotype was lower in the women with PCOS compared to the controls (P < 0.05). For the PCOS women with GG adiponectin genotype, their triglycerides levels were significantly higher compared to the PCOS women with the TT and TG genotypes even after adjusting for the BMI. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin gene polymorphism is associated with presence of PCOS and it is responsible for the dyslipidemia seen in PCOS. Yet further study is required to confirm the role of this genetic polymorphism in the susceptibility to PCOS and the associated metabolic features.

Therapeutic Effects of Metformin and Rosiglitazone in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Jee Young Oh, Eun Kyung Byun, Hwi Ra Park, Young Ju Choi, Hyo Jung Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(5):467-475. Published online October 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.5.467

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BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and hyperinsulinemia contributes to anovulation, oligo or amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and infertility in women with PCOS. The use of insulin sensitizers, such as metformin or thiazolidinedione, in PCOS is becoming increasingly accepted. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on the metabolic and reproductive derangement, and find parameters predicting their therapeutic efficacy in Korean PCOS women. METHODS: Sixty-two women with PCOS were recruited. The baseline characteristics, including BMI, glucose tolerance test, lipid profiles, sex hormones and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test, were assessed. After the administration of the insulin sensitizer (metformin 1.5g/day or rosiglitazone 4mg/day) for 3 months, the insulin sensitivity was reassessed. A drug response was defined as menstrual restoration or pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 62 women with PCOS, 36 gained restored regular menstruation, and a further 5 conceived (a drug response rate of 66.7%). There were no significant clinical differences between responders and nonresponders. Twelve weeks after taking the drugs, the insulin sensitivity was significantly improved (M-value 4.7+/-0.2 vs. 5.5+/-0.4mg/kg/min, P<0.05), and the free testosterone levels(72.5+/-39.9 vs. 45.8 +/-3.8pmol/L, P<0.05) were significantly decreased, without significant weight reduction. CONCLUSION: Metformin and rosiglitazone restored menstruation in 66.1% of women with PCOS. Hyperandrogenemia and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved with the use of the two drugs. However, metabolic or hormonal markers for predicting the drug response could not be found.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-ah Sung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(4): 252. CrossRef

The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in College Students from Seoul.: Eun Kyung Byun, Hyo Jeong Kim, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):120-126. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.120

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by the presence of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, The prevalence of PCOS in premenopausal women of about 5~ 10%. There may be significant ethnic and racial variations in the prevalence and clinical presentation of PCOS. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of PCOS and to identify the clinical characteristics of PCOS in Korea. METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2004, medical students from Ewha Womans University were investigated for the prevalence of PCOS. The evaluation included a history and physical examination, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score and screening for hyperandrogenemia. PCOS was diagnosed by the presence of the following: 1) oligomenorrhea, 2) hyperandrogenemia and/or hirsutism(a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score> or =6), and 3) the exclusion of related disorders. Hyperandrogenemia was defined as a free testosterone level above the 95th percentile of that for normal cycling nonhirsute women. RESULTS: Out of 492 students, 386 replied to the questionnaire and 203 students(19~31 yr of age) participated in the physical examination and blood sampling. Eumenorrhea without hirsutism was present in 133 students(65.5%), oligomenorrhea was present in 39 students(19.2%), hyperandrogenism was present in 21 students(10.3%) and hirsutism was present in 3(1.5%) of the 203 women. The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9%(10 of 203 students), and only 2 of 10 women with PCOS were hirsute. The mean body mass index of students with PCOS was 22.7+/- 4.3kg/m2, and two women was obese. The plasma insulin levels during the 75g oral glucose tolerance test in women with PCOS was significantly higher when compared to the age and body mass index of the controls. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9% in college students from Seoul. This rate is similar to those rates reported by other investigators in Greece(6.7%) and United States(4%). Obesity and hirsutism are not common in Korean women with PCOS. We are planning to survey a more diverse age groups to determine the prevalence of PCOS

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Ethnicity in polycystic ovary syndrome
D. Shah, S. Rasool
Climacteric.2023; 26(1): 15. CrossRef
Preventive Behavior Intentions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Young Students
Deulle Min, In Sun Jang, Seungmi Park
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Age-Adjusted Prevalence and Characteristics of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (2010–2019)
Ju Hee Kim, Min Hyung Jung, Se Hwa Hong, Nalae Moon, Dae Ryong Kang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(8): 794. CrossRef
Effects of Exposure Duration and Exposure Levels of Ambient Air Pollutants on the Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A 2015–2019 Korean Population-Based Cohort Study
Ju-Hee Kim, Se-Hwa Hong, Na-Lae Moon, Dae-Ryong Kang
Toxics.2022; 10(9): 542. CrossRef
Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review
Min-jeong Park, Eunjoo Kim, Ji-Myung Ok, Ka-Hye Choi, Young-Woo Lim
Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research.2022; 22(2): 136. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Insurance Database Study
Bo Kyung Koo, Joon Ho Lee, Jimin Kim, Eun Jin Jang, Chang-Hoon Lee, Noel Christopher Barengo
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(4): e0153107. CrossRef
Ethnic differences: Is there an Asian phenotype for polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Zhongwei Huang, Eu-Leong Yong
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology.2016; 37: 46. CrossRef
Oral Contraceptive Use, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Obesity among Premenopausal Females in Korea: The Necessity of Dietary Supplements and Food Intake Improvement
Boyoung Park, Jeongseon Kim, David O. Carpenter
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(6): e0158177. CrossRef
Metabolic effects of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Yejin Han, Hae Soon Kim, Hye-Jin Lee, Jee-Young Oh, Yeon-Ah Sung
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2015; 20(3): 136. CrossRef
Epidemiology and Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-Ah Sung
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 189. CrossRef
Dietary intake, dietary habits, and depression in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Seung Hyun Kim, Hyesook Kim, Seung Hee Park, Ji Yun Hwang, Hey Won Chung, Namsoo Chang
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(3): 229. CrossRef
Hyperandrogenism in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yeon-Ah Sung
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 197. CrossRef
Polymorphism T→C of gene CYP17 promoter and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: A meta-analysis
Ya Li, Fei Liu, Shan Luo, Han Hu, Xiao-Hong Li, Shang-Wei Li
Gene.2012; 495(1): 16. CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria
Yeon-Ah Sung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 203. CrossRef
Pro12Ala and His447His polymorphisms of PPAR-γ are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Bon-Hee Gu, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Reproductive BioMedicine Online.2009; 18(5): 644. CrossRef
Association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and polycystic ovary syndrome
Eung-Ji Lee, Bermseok Oh, Jong-Young Lee, Kuchan Kimm, Jung-Mi Park, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 89(6): 1751. CrossRef
Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Jin Ju Kim, Seon Ha Choung, Young Min Choi, Sang Ho Yoon, Seok Hyun Kim, Shin Yong Moon
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 90(6): 2318. CrossRef
A novel single nucleotide polymorphism of INSR gene for polycystic ovary syndrome
Eung-Ji Lee, Bermseok Oh, Jong-Young Lee, Kuchan Kimm, Sook-Hwan Lee, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 89(5): 1213. CrossRef
Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-ah Sung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(4): 252. CrossRef
Single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 17 of the insulin receptor gene is not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in a Korean population
Eung-Ji Lee, Kyong-Jai Yoo, So-Jeong Kim, Sook-Hwan Lee, Kwang Yul Cha, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2006; 86(2): 380. CrossRef

Association of Serum Adiponectin Levels with Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Young Sun Hong, Jee Young Oh, Eun Kyung Byun, Yeon Ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(4):369-378. Published online August 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The exact mechanism of insulin resistance in PCOS is not completely understood, but there are several pieces of evidence suggesting humoral mediator involvement. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein, could be a possible link between adiposity and insulin resistance. This study was performed to see whether the serum adiponectin levels are suppressed in woman with PCOS and if this is associated with the characteristic hormonal and metabolic features of PCOS. METHODS: 20 women with PCOS and 8 normal controls with regular cycles were recruited. The serum adiponectin levels were measured by RIA, and the fasting glucose to insulin ratio (GIR) used as an insulin sensitivity index. RESULTS: The patients with PCOS were classified as lean (BMI < 23 kg/m2, n=9) and obese groups (BMI 25 kg/m2, n=11) based on the WPRO criteria. The GIR was significantly lower in the obese compared to the control group. The adiponectin level was lower in women with PCOS than the controls, but without statistical significance. In 5 of the 20 patients, the GIR was higher than 0.30, which was the lowest limit in the controls, and the adiponectin level was significantly higher than in those patients with a lower GIR. The adiponectin level was significantly correlated with the BMI, subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, post challenge 2 hr glucose, fasting insulin, GIR and SHBG. After adjustment for BMI, adiponectin was significantly correlated with the GIR in all subjects, including the controls. CONCLUSION: The serum adiponectin level was associated with and related to adiposity in women with PCOS; however, adiponectin might be associated with insulin resistance independently from adiposity

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Oxidative Stress in Korean Premenopausal Women.: Young Ju Choi, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(1):48-57. Published online February 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG), an indirect index of androgenicity, are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factors of the cardiovascular disease are known to be related to oxidative stress. In recent reports, sex hormones were associated with oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), which is characterized by increased androgenicity and insulin resistance. METHODS: To investigate the relationship between sex hormones and oxidative stress, we examined the association of malondialdehyde(MDA), total antioxidant status(TAS), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol(ox-LDL), and SHBG in 46 Korean premenopausal women. RESULTS: 1. SHBG and MDA levels were not significantly different among the women with NGT and IGT. But, TAS was significantly lower(p=0.034) in the subjects with IGT than in the subjects with NGT. 2. The SHBG level was significantly lower(p=0.036) in obese women than in non-obese women. 3.The SHBG level was significantly inversely correlated with BMI(r=-0.394, p=0.007), post challenge glucose(r=-0.326, p=0.027), waist size(r=-0.323, p=0.029), waist-to-thigh ratio(WTR) (r=-0.308, p=0.037), fasting insulin level(r=-0.387, p=0.008), visceral fat area(VFA)(r=-0.339, p=0.021), and was significantly positively correlated with SI(r=0.397, p=0.008). 4. The SHBG level was significantly inversely correlated with levels of MDA(r=-0.357, p=0.015) and ox-LDL(r=-0.367, p=0.014). 5. In a multiple linear regression analysis, the SHBG level was a significant and independent factor for both MDA and ox-LDL. For TAS, the fasting insulin level and post challenge glucose were significant and independent factors. CONCLUSION: Increased androgenicity assessed by the decrease in serum SHBG levels is associated with the increase in MDA and ox-LDL. These results suggest that increased androgenicity in premenopausal women can contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases via increased oxidative stress.

The Relationship between Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Women.: Hyo Jeong Kim, Eun Soon Hong, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(5):675-684. Published online October 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen precursor, and is known to be decreased by the aging process. DHEA has been known to have a protective effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in men, but remains controversial in women. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of DHEA on insulin resistance, and the risk for cardiovascular disease, in women. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), known to have a longer half-life and less diurnal variation than DHEA, and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in 471 non-diabetic women from an urban community diabetes prevalence study. Serum DHEAS concentrations were measured using a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit. RESULTS: 1. The frequencies of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia were 25.3, 8.5, 21.9 and 6.2%, respectively, and the frequency of IRS was 16.5%. 2. DHEAS was significantly inversely correlated with age (r=-0.47, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.18, p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.10, p<0.05), fasting serum glucose (r=-0.10, p<0.05), postchallenge 2 hour glucose (r=-0.12, p<0.01) and triglycerides (r=-0.16, p<0.01). 3. As serum DHEAS concentrations, by quartiles, were decreased, the age-adjusted frequency of hypertension was significantly increased (p<0.05). 4. A Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that DHEAS was significantly associated with age (p<0.0001) and BMI (p<0.05). 5. A Logistic regression analysis showed that DHEAS was not associated with IRS after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: DHEAS is inversely associated with age. DHEAS has no harmful effect, and may even have a protective role, on insulin resistance syndrome. Prospective examinations of DHEAS and insulin resistance syndrome in women are needed to confirm the mechanism for the association between DHEAS and the development of cardiovascular disease.

Relation of beta 3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism to the Patterns of Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity in Female Nondiabetic Offspring of Patients with NIDDM.: Jee Young Oh, Yeon Ah Sung, Nan Ho Kyung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(4):706-718. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Obesity is an important metabolic abnormality as a pathogenesis of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM), and genetic factors have been suggested to be involved in the development of obesity and NIDDM. beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism has been reported to be related to an earlier onset of NIDDM and increased capacity of weight gain in obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism to body fat distribution pattern and insulin resistance in female nondiabetic offpsring of patients with NIDDM. METHODS: We assessed the patterns of body fat distribution by anthropometric measurement, bioelectric impedence analysis and computed tomogram; insulin sensitivity by using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and the minimal model analysis. We inverstigated the beta 3 -adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism by PCR and RFLP. RESULTS: 1) The frequency of beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism was as follows; wild type (Trp64Trp) 69.8%, Trp64Arg heterozygote 26.4%, Arg64Arg homozygote 3.8% in the offspring of patients with NIDDM. According to obesity, there was no significant difference of distribution of Arg64 allele between nonbese and obese subjects. 2) In the mutant subjects with Arg64 allele, the concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol were significantly increased (p<0.01), but fasting serum glucose and insulin, percent body fat, visceral fat area and visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio were insignificantly increased, SI were insiginificantly decreased. 3) Multiple regression analysis showed that Arg64 allele did not significantly associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: The beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism was related to dyslipidemia, but not related to visceral adiposity or insulin resistance in nondiabetic offspring women of patients with NIDDM. Further prospective studies in these subjects will be needed for the clarification of pathogenetic role of beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism in the development of insulin resistance and NIDDM.

Relationship of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women.: Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Nan Ho Kyung, Jee Young Oh, Hye Young Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(2):205-215. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is well known that androgen and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG) in women were associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as obesity, central fat accumulation and atherogenic lipid profile. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography can visualize directly both luminal and vessel wall characteristics, and ultrasonic measurement of carotid intima-medial thickness(IMT) can be used to investigate the atherosclerosis of coronary, cerebral and peripheral arteries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S) and SHBG, and body fat distribution pattern, cardiovascular risk factor and carotid atherosclerosis in women. METHODS: Blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, SHBG and DHEA-S were measured. Body fat distribution pattern was assessed by waist to hip ratio, waist to thigh ratio and subscapular to triceps skin fold thickness ratio, faf mass measured by bioelectric impedance analyzer, subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, and visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio(VSR) at the level of umbilicus using the computed tomography. The IMT of the carotid artery was measured by high resolution B mode ultrasound as a marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: 1) There was no significant difference of age-adjusted values of carotid IMT among subjects with NGT(0.426+/-0.09mm), IGT(0.46+/-10.09mm) and NIDDM(0.453+/-0.11mm). 2) In postrnenopausal women, carotid IMT was greater(0.484+/-0.11mm, p=0.05) than premenopausal women(0.426+/-0.08mm), but it was not significant after age adjustment. Serum SHBG and DHEA-S levels in postmenopausal women were significantly lower(p<0.05) than premenopausal women, but they were not significant after age adjustment. 3) Carotid IMT was significantly correlated with age(r=0.37, p<0.01), fasting serum glucose (r=0.32, p<0.01), total cholesterol(r= 0.25, p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol(r=0.26, p<0.05), visceral fat area(r=0.35, p<0.01) and VSR(r=0.31, p<0.05). 4) By the stepwise multiple regression analysis, carotid IMT was positively and significantly associated with age(p<0.01) and serum DHEA-S concentration(p<0.05) in dent of age, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, fasting serum glucose. CONCLUSION: Carotid IMT was associated with age and serum DHEA-S concentration in women without cardiovascular disease. Therefore, serum DHEA-S may be one of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. However, we could not conclude its cause-result relationship because of cross sectional nature of our study, and prospective study will be needed.

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